Which theory assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli?

• A. Developmental Interaction Approach / Bank Street
• B. Montessori
• C. High/Scope Curriculum
• D. Behavioralist Theory

Answer: (D)

The main idea tested is how learners are viewed in relation to their environment. Behaviorist Theory describes learning as a change in observable behavior that occurs when a person responds to environmental stimuli and receives reinforcement or punishment. In this view, the learner is seen as largely passive, with knowledge and responses shaped by external cues and consequences rather than by active mental construction. In contrast, Montessori, High/Scope, and the Developmental Interaction Approach (Bank Street) all emphasize active engagement, exploration, and learning through interaction with materials, peers, and the environment. Because this item highlights the idea of responding to stimuli as the driver of learning, the behaviorist perspective best fits.