Which condition is associated with a chromosome 21 anomaly?

• A. Patau Syndrome
• B. Chronic Illness
• C. Edwards Syndrome
• D. Down Syndrome

Answer: (D)

When a chromosome 21 anomaly is present, the most common outcome is Down syndrome. This occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), which affects development and leads to characteristic features and developmental differences often seen in early childhood. The idea behind this choice is that Down syndrome is the well-known condition tied specifically to an abnormal number of copies of chromosome 21.

Other options refer to different chromosomal abnormalities. Patau syndrome is associated with an extra copy of chromosome 13, and Edwards syndrome with an extra copy of chromosome 18. Chronic illness is not a specific chromosomal anomaly.