The positive outcome 'Purpose' is associated with which Erikson stage?

• A. Trust vs Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
• C. Initiative vs Guilt
• D. Industry vs Inferiority

Answer: (C)

The main idea being tested is how taking initiative in early childhood leads to a sense of purpose. In the initiative versus guilt stage, roughly ages 3 to 6, children try out planning, leading activities, and pursuing goals. When adults support these efforts and allow safe exploration, children grow confident that they can start tasks and see them through, which gives them a clear sense of purpose. If their attempts are discouraged or harshly punished, they may feel guilt about taking the lead, which undermines that sense of purposeful action.

For context, trust versus mistrust is about hope from responsive care; autonomy versus shame/doubt centers on developing will and self-control; industry versus inferiority focuses on building competence. The stage that corresponds to the positive outcome of Purpose is the initiative versus guilt stage.